吴承学,中山大学中文系(广州 510275)。
收稿:2025-11-01,
纸质出版:2026-01-15
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吴承学.文本流变中的信仰与权力 [J].中山大学学报(社会科学版),2026,66(01):24-36.
Wu Chengxue.Belief and Power in the Evolution of Texts: The Implicit Rules of Chinese Poetics[J].Journal of Sun Yat-sen University(Social Science Edition),2026,66(01):24-36.
吴承学.文本流变中的信仰与权力 [J].中山大学学报(社会科学版),2026,66(01):24-36. DOI: 10.11714/jsysu.sse.202601003.
Wu Chengxue.Belief and Power in the Evolution of Texts: The Implicit Rules of Chinese Poetics[J].Journal of Sun Yat-sen University(Social Science Edition),2026,66(01):24-36. DOI: 10.11714/jsysu.sse.202601003.
中国古代文学文本在历史上不断地发生流变。以往对文本流变的历史考察,主要基于文献学、版本学的研究方法,并形成学术通例。但在读者的接受过程中,又出现一些超越学术通例的隐性规则。如果将古代诗歌的阅读、接受与传播行为纳入文学批评研究范畴,不难发现,中国古人往往在各类异文中,选择更具审美意趣的文本。读者对于作者归属的接受,存在偏向名家的倾向,权威对文本异文的定夺具有决定性影响力。在文本流动过程中,部分文本的选择实则是道德、政治与意识形态的投射。文本流传与接受中集体认同的“民意”,具有难以扭转的力量。诗歌选本在一定程度上影响了文学史的书写,也作用于文本的流变。古诗文本流变的隐性规则折射出文学信仰与文化权力,本质上是一种中国文学的集体认同。考察文学的集体认同,既有助于理解文献传播与文本流变过程的一些难解问题,也有助于拓展传统文学批评的研究视野。
Pre-modern Chinese literary texts have undergone continuous evolution throughout history. Research on this evolution has traditionally relied on the methods of philology and textual bibliography, forming a set of established academic conventions. Yet in the process of reader reception, a number of implicit rules emerge that extend beyond these conventions. When the reading, reception, and dissemination of ancient poetry is brought into the study of literary criticism, it becomes evident that pre-modern Chinese readers often selected, among competing textual variants, those versions that better aligned with prevailing aesthetic preferences. Readers’ acceptance of authorial attribution exhibits a marked preference for canonical figures, while authoritative intervention exerts a decisive influence over the adjudication of textual variants. During the broader process of textual circulation, the selection of certain texts is in fact shaped by moral, political, or ideological projections. The collective consensus embedded in textual transmission and reception—what might be described as the “public opinion” of the literary sphere—exerts a powerful and often irreversible influence. Poetry anthologies likewise have played a significant role in shaping the writing of literary history and in directing the evolution of texts. These implicit rules governing the evolution of ancient poetic texts reveal the underlying structures of literary belief and cultural power, and, in essence, constitute a shared cultural consensus within Chinese literary tradition. An examination of these dynamics would not only shed light on longstanding puzzles in the circulation of textual materials and their textual evolution, but also broaden the methodological horizon of traditional literary criticism.
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